Undermining the Parliamentary Patriarchy: Women, Political Speech, and Power around the World


Women politicians face a paradox when acting in parliament: on the one hand, substantively representing women pushes them to have a more gendered style and to sometimes focus their activity on so-called ``women's issues'', such as education and healthcare. On the other hand, many voters have a gendered perception of politics, and have harsher evaluations of women politicians, potentially punishing them for acting in this gender stereotype-conforming behavior. We investigate how these contradictory incentives have influenced women's parliamentary trajectories in twenty-one democracies of Europe (East and West), North America, and Oceania between 1987 and 2020. Findings suggest that women MPs have a less distinctively feminine voice the longer they stay in parliament, and that their discourse becomes less feminine in tandem with increasing their parliamentary prestige, even controlling for the topics they talk about. 
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